were considered practically worthless before. Inthe U.S., from 2000 to today, proved reserves ofoil increased from 25 billion barrels to nearly 50billion barrels, and proved reserves of naturalgas have increased from 200 trillion cubic feetto 700 trillion cubic feet.The same can become true for a wide varietyof minerals and raw materials. For example,large regions of Oregon and Washington in thePaci昀椀c Northwest contain massive deposits ofaluminum ores (laterite) with concentrationsgenerally one 昀椀fth to one half that of currentlyused aluminum ores (bauxite). With presenttechnologies, these massive deposits are worthless, but, with higher energy 昀氀ux-density technologies, these will become accessible and profitable deposits. The same is true for iron ores forsteel production. Current ores are about 25 percent iron, while average soil is about 5 percentiron. With appropriate technological advancements, that soil becomes a resource for iron ore.Those aren’t unique or special examples. Allnatural resources are de昀椀ned by the level of science and technology e昀昀ectively employed in aphysical economy, meaning there are no inherent limits to natural resources, only limits imposed by a given level of technology. When wesay a properly functioning public credit systemborrows against future increases in wealth andproductivity, this is an excellent example.Many aspects of securing U.S. domestic rawmaterial production are of immediate priorityfor a second Trump administration: protectingpage 16and expanding U.S. steel production, expanding America’s mining and mineral capabilities,and cu琀琀ing the absurd bureaucratic and radicalenvironmental red tape that stands in the way.2But, generating long-term progress and prosperity also requires initiatives that drive futuretechnological advance, with a heavy emphasison increasing energy 昀氀ux-density for processingmineral natural resources into the raw materials that feed the economy. Only this can ensureboth secure domestic supplies and negentropicgrowth to provide new levels of prosperity.Manufacturing, Machine Tools, andTechnologyFor the 50 year period from 1920 to 1970, U.S.manufacturing consistently accounted for 20percent to 30 percent of GDP. Today, it’s only10 percent. For decades, ivory tower academiceconomists teamed up with the Washington,DC elite to champion our transition to a postindustrial, so-called services economy, placingus in an incredibly vulnerable situation wherewe simply don’t produce what we need to survive. The disruption and collapse of variousvital supply chains during the 2020 COVID-19outbreak was a harsh wakeup call. Many arefamiliar with our reliance on foreign supplies2. The National Mining Association states that it now cantake 7 to 10 years to secure federal approvals for mines inthe United States, while it takes just two to three years incountries like Australia and Canada.What President Trump Can Do With the American System 2.0
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